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Theatre play review
Ariel descending from above © LW theatre
 

'The Tempest' at Theatre Royal Drury Lane


On Saturday (11th Jan 2025), I saw a Shakespeare play, 'The Tempest', at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane (1,2) with some friends. The story follows the former Duke of Milan, Prospero and his path to revenge. Prospero's brother, Antonio, betrayed him to steal his Duke position. But Prospero, with the help of the courtier, escaped to an island with his daughter Miranda and a book of magic. The island is inhabited by spirits and only one human, Caliban, who Prospero enslaves. Prospero also holds Ariel, a spirit he saved from a tree, under his power by promising freedom in exchange for favours. The play starts when Prospero and his now 15-year-old daughter watch as a ship, with Antonio and the King aboard, is wrecked ashore on this island. Ensues several plots of coup attempts and a love story between Miranda and the King's son until Prospero's opportunity for revenge becomes a choice for forgiveness and good virtue (3)


 



 

Highlights


All the lights go off, and the room becomes pitch black (except for a few phones glaring as they were swiftly turned off). Immediately, the darkness swallows you, and as the stage is revealed, you are immersed in the world of a lost island and a powerful storm. The stage has polished grey stony hills, and the floor space in between is sandy, grey and dusted with dark black soil and stones. Soon after, a drape of three sewn-together airy fabrics dances to the wind and floats past the stage, turning the storm into a being of its own. 


The lighting was cleverly chosen to illuminate Prospero in white and blue tones while Ariel sprung from above in a warm orange glow. Each actor was lit in such a way as to create a unique visual piece each time, with symmetry and focus. One incredible scene saw a liquid fabric floating delicately across the horizon. Our eyes are caught by Ariel wearing a similar fabric over its body, walking past the magical waves. Meanwhile, the dim light and dark areas contrast the two complementary orange and blue colours gleaming around the characters.  And the singing of Ariel among all of this was enough to transport you into another world. 


The actor playing Ferdinand, the King's son, was impeccable in his interpretation of this young character who is at first lost and then falls in love with Miranda. Furthermore, Caliban's rendition was so disinhibited: the movements were dramatic and fully embodied, creating a monstrous caricature of what once was a former free man. When Caliban is joined on stage by Stephano the butler and Trinculo the fool (both survivors of the shipwreck), it is a fantastic back-and-forth playful dialogue. The three of them had an astonishing chemistry that fascinated and grounded you in the present moment. The actors gave their all to the characters. They did not fear being judged for acting ridiculous or ugly and thus helped the characters come alive as grotesque drunkards. Brilliant!


The costumes were strange and a creative choice we could quickly get behind. With elements borrowed from fantasy and science fiction, the design made the clothes feel old yet modern. There was unity among them, while some characters had costumes that set them apart from others, particularly those of Ariel and Caliban. The former was adorned with black feathers at the collar and shoulders, with gold draping down to a black sheer and boned waist corset and dark grey barrel trousers. The latter had a look reminiscent of the BDSM fashion, wearing a grotesque pair of leather knickers, which was particularly fitting with Caligan's kissing of the feet and submissive nature.


All in all, the ambience is eerie and ethereal. The set is beautiful, and the use of fabric and lighting is ingenious. The costumes were well thought of, and the singing was sublime. We can't deny that the visuals were inspiring and showed a unique creative flair.


 



 

What Didn’t Work


While the set was incredibly beautiful, it created a mismatch between the original ambience and the comedic scenes. What was missing from those scenes was a visual cue to more pleasant emotions to facilitate laughter. The set dictates what the viewer will experience instinctually. Here, the mood is set for a world that feels oppressive, desolate, and full of anguish and despair but with notes of celestial and dainty touches to the air, evoking hope. Nothing in that space created room for humour and ridicule. Therefore, the scene where Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo are together does not work in this decor. That scene is meant as comedic relief and to contrast the rest of the characters but was not meant to contrast a modern, eerie, industrial look. I could visualise how well the comedy would land in a more colourful decor or Shakespearean look. Perhaps warmer-toned clothes for Stephano and Trinculo could have been the trick: it would also have helped distinguish them as servants from the aristocrats. Or the set could have been lit with a generalised orange glow (or more natural yellow tones) to create a different mood and guide the viewer into welcoming warmer emotions such as humour. 


One aspect of the set didn't match the rest: the industrial elements. At some point, an LED flood light shining an orange glow appeared on the far right back of the stage. The kind of light we usually find on construction sites. Was it a mistake that only viewers in the grand circle could see but not others, or was it a deliberate choice? A moment later, a garage door at the far back is suddenly visible when the entire stage is brightly lit from above. The door reappears when

Ariel is liberated and leaves the stage through its opening. However, it did not work. 


The creative choice for industrial elements is unclear, breaks the previously created ambience, and takes you out of the story. Neither the light's presence nor the garage door matched the eerie, magical feel of the set. The industrial look was somewhat confusing for this space. After all, this is meant to be an island, and no other elements evoked living spaces or indicated human prosperity before that. Therefore, as a viewer, the assumption made until then was that the island is empty, a place of survival, a barren land. And not a place where habitat has been built, constructed or even abandoned. A possible alternative to that garage door is wood, which could be lit to match the warmth of the orange glow and the grey tones of the desolate feel of other scenes. 

Digital drawing of the set with the industrial elements © LinkaLipski

Despite the beautiful and powerful music, the volume and transitions were not quite right. The sound choices lacked variety: music was usually delivered loudly and spontaneously. There was a distinct attempt to create surprise and overwhelm. To really feel overwhelmed, one must be increasingly drowning in emotions until it becomes unbearable. Some transition from silence to loud could have been used. In some instances, more build-up with the volume increasing crescendo would have helped amplify the emotions. Moreover, the best jump scare or surprise effect happens when one is fully immersed in what they are doing.  By playing with build-up and creating a plateau for the emotions, one can create surprise by suddenly changing the sound. This interpretation of 'The Tempest' could have used some pointers from the sound designer Giles Thomas, who is behind the best sound work I have ever experienced in theatre, in the play Equus, directed by Ned Bennett (4)


The lack of build-up in the sound choices was relatively minor, especially compared to the character Prospero's speech delivery. It is challenging for most people to understand old Shakespearean English, especially as not everyone has the privilege of studying this language enough to be familiar with it. Hence, diction is crucial in helping the viewer comprehend the narrative. The person playing Prospero sounded as if they carried on 's' sounds across words and their liaisons, which could have been down to the sound technicians—although that issue wasn't present with other actors and actresses. The lack of clear diction requires the audience to concentrate further to understand the narrative or be distracted and lose key storyline elements. 


Unfortunately, Prospero's lines were also delivered in a flat tone. The combination of a lingering 's' sound muddying the flow of words and a very flat delivery made it difficult to decipher between the start and end of words. In addition, the monotone speech also removed emotions and made it harder to connect with the character or rely on body language cues (of which tone plays a major part) to understand the story. 

Even Prospero's gestures were flat, with stiff arms usually alongside the body or barely moving while talking. At times, the character was meant to be angry, but the only indication was that the voice was getting louder rather than revealing anger. The emotions didn't flow out of the actress and flattened the character's emotional landscape to a dull grey. The monotone speech contrasted with the delivery of other characters, who were much livelier or more realistic. 


It was a bland rendition of Prospero, who was meant to have a complex arch. He is supposed to grow from a destitute man who enslaved Caliban and keeps Ariel as a servant with a lingering desire for being avenged to a man whose heart gets softened by his daughter's love for the King's son Ferdinand and eventually chooses to free himself from anger and others from his contempt. His final speech should evoke inner turmoil, leading to his confidence in his virtuous self and the goodness of liberation. That was not rendered on this particular night by this particular actress.


Overall, the industrial look broke the original ambience. The comedic scenes felt misplaced in this eerie world. Prospero was hard to connect with and understand. Some creative decisions and Prospero's rendition fell flat and took you out of the story.


 



 

Personal Takeaway


I was seated at the top of the theatre with a good view from the middle. I was enthralled and curious as soon as the pitch black took hold of us. I don't recall being in complete pitch black at a theatre before, and I appreciated the immersion. The set was stunning. However, as soon as they were talking, I couldn't understand a thing and realised this would become difficult to follow, but I was thrilled that I could let my mind concentrate on the visuals. 


I had trouble fighting the desire to fall asleep when Prospero talked, and that character had long speeches. Hence, my realisation was that the tone was monotone. Her voice reminded me of the sleep stories on the Calm app, and the theatre's warm temperature created the ideal conditions for a snooze. However, that wasn't why I came, so I fought all my yawns by focusing on the set design and lighting. 


Digital drawing of the set design lines on the hill © LinkaLipski

I had fun noticing how the set was created. When the bright lights from above came in, you could spot the lines along the hills at regular intervals. I am guessing they made the hills using fibreglass, creating separate sections and fixing them together. I wondered if the person in charge sat at the top row to see from our point of view because those transitions could have been filled and polished a tad more to become truly invisible. Perhaps they had no more time or knew that most people wouldn't notice or care for it. To be fair, the lines weren't visible when the lights were dim. I also had fun observing the floaty fabric. I could sense what I assumed were two people holding the horizontal fabric piece and moving it up and down until the person on the left side released it and the person on the right pulled it across the stage. I love sensing all the people who are working backstage.


Animated drawing of the fabric floating across the stage © LinkaLipski

At the end of the play, I was shocked to see that people were cheering the actress who did Prospero, with some people, even at the Grand Circle, standing up in ovation and oohing their approval. I figured she must be famous because that would be the only explanation since that was a poor performance compared to the other actors and actresses –who did not get as much applause– and in comparison with many more performances, I have had the pleasure to see in London. Turns out, she is famous. Once out of the theatre, I learned she was the actress from Alien, Sigourney Weaver. 


It is wonderful that she received support from fans, but the other actors and actresses deserve similar support since their performances were better, and it's a shame her fame overshadows that for them. This play demonstrates that being famous does not equate to mastering your craft or excelling in all disciplines within an industry. She now has the opportunity to work at her craft and grow in the theatre genre, and no doubt she will. Meanwhile, performers who don't seek or reach the status of fame should rest assured that aiming for mastery and excellence is as reputable and recognised, at least among us viewers who don't equate fame with excellence. 


Overall, this theatre experience left me with mixed emotions. At times, I was in awe of the creative choices, but I was also left disconnected by how Prospero was played. The performance was hit-and-miss, so I would neither recommend nor discourage anyone from seeing it. 


 

References


1- For tickets and information for this performance of 'The Tempest':


2- For information from the production company of 'The Tempest':

The Jamie Lloyd Company Creative team

DIRECTOR Jamie Lloyd

SET AND COSTUME DESIGNER Soutra Gilmour

LIGHTING DESIGNER Jon Clark

SOUND DESIGNERS AND CO-COMPOSERS Ben and Max Ringham

CO-COMPOSER Michael 'Mikey J' Asante

MOVEMENT DIRECTOR Fabian Aloise

ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR AND TEXT EDITOR Jonathan Glew

CASTING DIRECTOR Stuart Burt CDG

WIGS, HAIR AND MAKE UP DESIGNER Carole Hancock

INTIMACY COORDINATOR Ingrid Mackinnon

ASSOCIATE SET DESIGNER Rachel Wingate

ASSOCIATE COSTUME DESIGNER Anna Josephs

MUSICAL DIRECTOR Giles Deacon

PERFORMER FLYING & SFX DESIGN John Maddox for Suspended Illusions

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR Cory Hippolyte

ASSISTANT LIGHTING DESIGNER Amelia Fenwick

PROPS SUPERVISOR Fahmida Bakht

PRODUCTION MANAGER Lloyd Thomas

3- A full summary of the play is well explained here:


4 - For information about the play 'Equus':



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When hunting for a job, we can face a dilemma: should we pick the one we despise but will pay the bills or pick the dream job we are unlikely to get? And what if you have a long-term health condition or a disability? Our attitude regarding work and our philosophy of life can dictate our choices, but if you're unfortunate to have disability needs, then you have to face an extra dilemma.

Job hunting is one of the most soul-destroying activities out there. It’s a job in and of itself: finding a real offer still open, crafting a tailored CV for every role, writing cover letters, bypassing AI screening, and painstakingly recreating your CV to fit into the company’s form is no small feat. Guiding how we go about finding and keeping a job is our mindset about labour, which plays a role in how we thrive in work and our community. Those who think of work as a mean to get money for sustenance tend to have the ability to separate what they do from who they are, while those who think of work as a mean to contribute to their community usually have a mindset that you are what you do. People usually fall somewhere in between, which exacerbate the following dilemma: should we work “for money” or “for others,” and at what costs? More importantly, are we all equal in this problem or do people with disabilities face a whole other conundrum? 


Working for money.

The “work for money” attitude is intertwined with the philosophical view that one Self exists outside of one’s actions or, in other words, the “ I am not what I do” mindset. It is often linked to the perception that there is not enough for everyone to survive and that we must compete over these resources for survival. Because food and shelter are basic physiological needs, and there is a perceived scarcity of resources, one may believe that it’s everyone for themselves when looking for work. Since everyone is assumed to be fighting for scraps, a belief sets: to survive, one must be selfish and be willing to forgo personal values of sharing, generosity and integrity. The assumption is that everyone will be cunning and ruthless, so we are justified in being so ourselves.



Because “beggars can’t be choosers”, the strategy is to apply for as many jobs as possible and take whatever comes your way first. When applying for jobs, the selection is made through an amoral lens whereby, beyond its legality, the ethicality of the role or company is not questioned. Lying may occur on a CV and during interviews by exaggerating skills and achievements or outright inventing abilities, education or past work. In its extreme form, one may choose to scam or work for a scamming company (N.B., victims of modern slavery are excluded since victims can’t choose). 


The “work for money” attitude offers great advantages when finding work. Adopting a quantity-over-quality strategy and reducing as many barriers to job selection as possible greatly increases the chances of finding work quickly. This, in turn, leads to faster acquisition of work experience, which consequently increases employability.


Cognitive Dissonance:

Once a job has been secured through means whereby values may have been compromised in exchange for survival, one may experience cognitive dissonance: the discomfort felt whenever values and behaviours aren’t aligned. The abandonment of values during a job search can lead to accepting a work morally misaligned with one’s values. While the job satisfies the needs for shelter and food, it creates another dissonance whereby one abandons their social need for belonging, fulfilment and esteem. To eliminate the discomfort caused by these dissonances, one may shift their attitudes to match their behaviours or change their behaviours to match their values. 


Justification: An attitude shift can be seen when people justify working for unethical or amoral companies by adopting the point of view that who you are is separate from what you do. By separating one’s identity from one’s actions, they preserve their integral sense of self with their ethics and virtuous values while continuing to behave in direct contradiction with them. The virtuous self expresses itself outside of work, where the need for social belonging and fulfilment is sought. Work takes around a third of our waking life, so one could easily consider that our true self is expressed during the other two-thirds of our waking hours. By reinforcing this attitude, one can avoid an effortful behavioural change. 

Risks of attitude shift: However, this attitude is not without its disadvantages. The danger —which many find themselves in— is to become stuck in a dead-end job. Worse still, being stuck in a job favouring a culture of amorality, whereby morality is not considered when making decisions, and the main concern is legality, can consolidate unethical practices. Here, we are at the risk of repetitive use of justification of immoral practices as a means to solving the cognitive dissonance. As a result, the values meant to be temporarily compromised become a newly adopted fixed mindset, slowly merging with one’s identity. The individual contaminated by the once-rejected unscrupulous values is then at risk of being further morally exploited, of accepting tasks, roles, and job offers that are even less ethical than the ones they have tolerated thus far. In essence, their personal limit to what is acceptable risks being moved further and further away from ethical values. 


Protest: Another solution to reduce the discomfort caused by the dissonance is to change one's behaviour. Rather than justify their choice of work, one may show up late to work, do the bare minimum, and show no ambition to improve as a form of protest against their situation. Thus, behaviours become a direct expression of one’s disagreement with the role or company’s values, allowing the person to retain a semblance of coherence between beliefs and actions. By modifying one’s behaviour, one can avoid having to change their attitude and beliefs.  

Risks of behavioural shift: Similarly to the attitude shift, this behavioural change needed to reduce inconsistencies between values and actions comes with risks. If one protests through lateness or laziness, one risks losing or damaging valuable labour skills and accumulating poor references. Consequently, chances of better employment are considerably reduced, and the likelihood of being stuck in a vicious cycle of working for a job we despise is increased. Furthermore, this protest behaviour of being the least good worker one can be may jeopardise the desire to belong and be fulfilled at work. One cannot feel like a contributing member of society and believe it by offloading and doing the bare minimum when so many more skills and ideas can be offered. Therefore, one is at risk of compartmentalising one's identity to match one's compartmentalised behaviour. Some individuals may be so split that they feel they are losing themselves. 


Working for others.

On the other hand, some people have the “work for others” attitude, which links with the philosophical view that “I am what I do” and that one Self exists through one’s actions. The needs that are prioritised are not physiological but psychological: the desire to belong and to be an esteemed member of society. Here, the perception of scarcity is not that there isn’t enough food for everyone but rather that there isn’t enough space for all of us to be together. Therefore, we must compete for our spot by being the best. To survive socially, one must meet the group’s needs regularly and consistently by contributing in such a way as to become indispensable. The assumption is that everyone is seeking fulfilment and offering their best potential to society, and survival will require to be exceptional compared to others. To become so, one must accept abandoning health and comfort.

The desire is to secure long-term social collaboration. Hence, the strategy is to tailor each application to carefully selected jobs. The goal is to find the best match whereby we can be as fulfilled as possible and thus become as valuable as possible. When applying, the framing of skills is persuasive and enhances one’s unique attributes. One is likely to volunteer or work for free (forgoing financial gains necessary to satisfy basic physiological needs) to gain experience. In extreme cases, people accept unlivable wages in favour of worthy or charitable pursuits. 


The “work to collaborate” attitude will considerably boost the chances of being hired during interviews. Adopting a quality-over-quantity strategy increases the chances of finding fulfilling work that we can stay loyal to and that will reciprocate in connections. This, in turn, leads to greater opportunities to live our career ambition and to keep growing in our chosen industry.


Cognitive Dissonance:

In adopting a selective strategy during job hunting, one may face the competitiveness of the labour market, thus realising the contradiction between one’s collaborative values and the need to persuade recruiters of one’s uniqueness to secure the role. Moreover, the unfairness of the situation highlights how one got lucky and was privileged to get their dream job while many others did not. The guilt then directly threatens their belief in belongingness and esteem. Once more, one can change one’s attitude or behaviour to alleviate the discomfort emanating from this predicament. 


Justification: By shifting one’s attitude, one can adopt a meritocratic mindset or a superiority complex. By believing that our person is a unique asset necessary to society for its good functioning, we can justify framing ourselves in our cover letters and at work as a superior candidate to others, thus reducing the discomfort between our values and behaviours. One can easily persuade oneself that they deserved the fulfilling role, not due to a combination of luck, privileges and hard work but rather because of their uniqueness, mastery and hard work. Once the egocentric bias has settled in, one can feel part of the community again because they did not betray society’s harmony through unfair advantages. They are like all others: deserving hard workers doing their small part. This attitude modification preserves one’s self-esteem as a contributing member of society and averts the threats to one’s social need for belonging. 

Risks of attitude shift: However, this attitude also holds significant disadvantages. By adopting a meritocratic or superior mindset to justify inflating ourselves when applying for our dream jobs, we ran the risk of becoming detached from others and being alienated. They may acquire status within society and be considerable contributors while also becoming rejected in their personhood, for they no longer recognise others’ contributions to society. In its extreme form, meritocracy or a superiority attitude can foster an exaggerated self-love that borders into narcissism. As time passes, the individual may double down on this attitude to vend off social threats and fall into a vicious cycle. The sense of belonging that one longed for is, therefore, at risk of being receded.


Compensation: If belonging and fulfilment are sought directly from work and since work takes only one-third of waking hours, one may try to solve the cognitive dissonance by increasing one's workload. To be the valuable worker they said they were, they must go above and beyond. Dedication to work becomes the salvation needed to reduce the guilt of unfair advantages. As the identity of self stems from what one does, one must work overtime, often unpaid, to ensure that one can be the citizen that helps society rather than hinders it. One can become competitive in one's work and argue to do it for the benefit of the job, the company, or the clients. By shifting the behaviour to match their attitude, one can hold on to their sense of self as an invaluable worker. 

Risks of behavioural shift: Here, behaviours meant to be temporarily adopted to justify seeking the dream job become a fixed and accepted truth about one’s person. The philosophy of « I am what I do » is pushed to its extreme, where one becomes engulfed in work as a way of maintaining a personhood. They work tirelessly, sacrificing physical and mental health while presenting their workaholism as something to strive for. They forget how to set boundaries to protect their basic needs as a means of securing their status as valuable members of society. In this position, one is easily financially exploitable, whereby one will trade one’s health for free or little money because of their passion. Their longing for social togetherness and esteem puts them at risk of becoming social martyrs and finding themselves relegated to a place where their physiological needs of shelter and food are compromised. 


The goldilocks of attitudes: nuance and adaptation.

So are we doomed to remain in this dilemma forever, forced to choose between working for money or collaborative purposes, risking ourselves becoming cruel or lazy, insufferable or martyrs? If you are not afflicted by a long-term health condition or disability, the answer is no. 


Suppose you find yourself in a position where your basic physiological needs aren’t met. In that case, you will be looking for work primarily for money, and that’s reasonable. Help yourself with an attitude shift so long as it is temporary. Choosing to select work without considering the societal and ethical repercussions when you can’t feed yourself is perfectly understandable. Personal limits should be established and never crossed and will differ for each individual depending on one’s moral and ethical compass. Most of us would rather not accept work that scams people (e.g., MLM and pyramid schemes) or breaches human rights (e.g., human trafficking). However, temperament and circumstances may create situations where alternatives don’t seem plausible. 


The trick is to maintain the attitude for a short time, no longer than what is absolutely necessary and know when to shift gears. Once you have the not-for-you job and have secured your basics – a roof over your head, enough food and water to carry you to the next day – you can shift to the next strategy of looking for a job that satisfies esteem and belonging. Meanwhile, one must be careful with protesting behaviours. Best to ensure you give your best at work, even if you don’t like it. You can see it as an investment into your career whereby you collect skills, lessons or connections that may serve you later. Instead, protesting through compensatory altruistic behaviours outside of work may resolve the unpleasant paradox that plagues you. Kind gestures or advocacy will not only boost your social needs and self-esteem but will do so without self-sabotaging your future career.


Many will be tempted to wait for physiological comfort to be raised to a satisfactory level before looking to satisfy their next need. Perhaps you live in a damp home, affecting your health, so you believe you should wait to get more money to solve that before you move to a fulfilling role. Often, this strategy keeps people trapped. After work, your energy and resources in seeking a new job are limited and won’t change regardless of what you look for. Hence, seeking another “job for money” replicates your current situation, whereas seeking the “dream job” improves future prospects on both physiological and social needs. Assuming the new dream job salary is the same as the current dead-end job, there is a gain in swapping because the new role satisfies the desire for fulfilment. Once you are in this fulfilling role, progression in your chosen industry will simultaneously increase your physiological and social needs. 

If, on the other hand, you long to contribute positively to society because you have been lucky enough that your physiological needs have always been met, then seeking out the perfect job for you straight away makes logical sense. Understandably, you will present yourself as the best choice for that job, but stay grounded and avoid falling into meritocratic justification. Whether you get invited for an interview or are offered a job, remember that at least half is due to luck and privilege. Work towards paying it forward by being generous. If you share some of your advantages, say teaching financial literacy or communication skills, be sure to contextualise it with humility. It is crucial to acknowledge what part was down to work or privilege and be clear that part or all of those skills were obtained out of sheer luck of birthright. 


Additionally, to curb the guilt of unfair advantages, workaholism will not do. Instead, use or create opportunities to increase luck or privileges in others, whether by defending someone’s right to access, working against biases or pointing out what favours exploitation in your industry. Your dream job may be in an industry that financially exploits its workers for their passion and creates a trap of you justifying abandoning your health for its sake. Here, you may choose to seek a new role that fulfils all of your needs but beware, don’t give in to the idea that the alternative is a job that is just for money's sake. You can have both! Be patient. Alternatively, if health permits, use the time you would allocate to seeking a new role to reduce exploitative measures in your industry. The latter is quite the activist work and may not be for everyone. Still, if you go that route, you will likely satisfy your collaborative needs and self-esteem. 

What about disability?

When job hunting, all of us can face the conundrum of having to choose to sacrifice our moral values or choose to sacrifice our health. For non-disabled people, adapting to the work field may be relatively simple, albeit difficult. But for people with long-term health conditions and disabilities, the details of the dilemma may be much harder to solve. The reality for disabled people is that society is currently built in such a way that a disability becomes a further disadvantage to be exploited. 


Health vs health conundrum:

Quantity-over-quality: 

The strategy of applying to all the jobs is the privilege of the non-disabled. They assume that it is fast and straightforward precisely because they do not have a disability. Those who do are forced to notice the lack of adjustments during recruitment. If working on a CV or painstakingly copy-pasting our entire CV in one of those supposedly inclusive forms takes the non-disabled person 2 hours, the disabled person may take double or quadruple the time to do so. For instance, blind people may require everything to be read by software, including all the content in drop-down lists, so filling out a form can take them twice as long. For the same jobs out there, non-disabled people apply to at least twice as many roles compared to disabled people. So, with limitations already present, is quantity-over-quality really the best strategy for someone with a disability or long-term health condition?


Low-skills jobs:

The roles that can be applied for with a click online without needing a cover letter or statement are generally in exploitative industries. Usually, they exploit people morally or financially, more or less intently and more or less at a systemic level. Finance and insurance, marketing and advertising, retail and sales, and mining and oil are examples of industries that can put workers at risk of being exploited morally. Meaning they are more likely to act unethically or to abandon previously held ethical values. Creative industries, as well as the medical and charity sectors, are examples of industries that often exploit workers for their passion. Workers are then more likely to work overtime for less pay, even at the risk of their health.


People with disabilities are often considered less employable and thus more likely to find themselves applying for low-skill jobs that recruit anyone. As a result, disabled people are at an even greater disadvantage of exploitation, not necessarily because they will be more exploited during the work itself, but rather because they are less likely to shift and transition to a less exploitative role. Indeed, if a non-disabled person may consider a low-skill job temporary, a mere right-of-passage because they have sufficient energy and resources to seek another job while working, disabled people may not have this privilege. Limitations may create a situation where the person has no remaining resources or energy to seek something better. The reality of remaining stuck in an exploitative role is much greater for one population compared to the other, and so are the consequences. If health would be assumed to decline for a healthy individual stuck in an exploitative environment, then one could assume the decline could be accelerated and intensified for individuals with certain health conditions. Therefore, for some disabled folks, the risk is twofold greater than non-disabled: one risks being stuck in an exploitative role for potentially much longer, and health may decline faster and worse. With the elevated risk of worsening health, is applying for no-skill-required roles really a worthwhile strategy for people with long-term conditions and disabilities?

Quality-over-quantity: 

Since health is vital to one’s life, it will seem logical for disabled people to choose the quality strategy. After all, if you have limited resources and can apply to very few jobs compared to non-disabled individuals, then you might as well choose the jobs you apply for wisely and preserve vital energy. Unfortunately, disadvantages lurk everywhere for people with disabilities. If you want to be selective, you must be competitive. How do you compete with a non-disabled person in a society that –while they say they are morally and legally not discriminating against disabled people– doesn’t offer adequate adjustments during recruitment? The mental load and unfair burden placed on disabled people in deciding when to disclose their disability, ask for adjustments, and blindly trust and hope that it won’t be used against them is very energy-draining. Such a burden is additional to the common issues faced by all job seekers, such as motivation depletion and regular disappointments and frustration that accompany the disheartening practice of job hunting. Any energy or resources used to solve another problem, one that non-disabled people do not deal with, is energy removed from taking action towards job seeking. One can find oneself stuck in a loop of depleting morale and worsening health to a greater degree than their non-disabled counterparts.


Passion jobs:

This is the moment when non-disabled people tell you to go freelance, follow your dream, and set up your own business. While it always stems from good intentions, it is also incredibly privileged to project one’s abilities onto another, especially with a poor understanding of that person’s individual health circumstances. The opposite of low-skill jobs is not entrepreneurship. Building a business is not everyone’s passion and is a very demanding role that also demands adjustments. It is not because you would be your own boss that adjustments would be solved. And for the few individuals whose passion is business, our current society still fails to provide the adjustments that disabled people would need to thrive. Many people don’t want to be entrepreneurs, and society should cater for that option. Forcing disabled people into building their businesses because we collectively refuse to include them in current already-existing businesses says a lot about how we isolate that group. Do your own thing and never mind that you want to be part of society and contribute in your own way. So is our last hope, as disabled people, to give up our need for social belonging forever and venture into a job solution with no more guarantee of pay? 


Unfortunately, if you have a long-term health condition and disability, you face another layer of dilemma that society turns a blind eye to. It’s a chicken and egg type of conundrum. You want a job to care for your health because you have a disability, but your disability means you can’t apply to all the jobs willy-nilly. If you do, you risk being stuck and getting worse, which will likely lead you back to square one but with even more health needs. You can’t apply to all the quality jobs either because society deems your disability a weakness in the job market and drains you of energy trying to get adjustments, leaving you with the limited prospect of setting up your own business, hoping to belong and with no more guarantee of pay. 


No solution but possible alternatives: 

If one has a long-term health condition or disability, the prospect of finding work is considerably harder. Not because of your limitations but because of society’s limitations. What is there to do in such a circumstance? 


Raise the bar: 

However counterintuitive it seems, disabled people must raise their standard of health compared to non-disabled people. Yes, there are limitations to some things we can do, but within the range we can do, we usually have to do more to compensate. Therefore, the standard required for us to be in good health looks different to the needs of non-disabled. There are added clauses and conditions that need to be met for health to be sustained. Needs between the two groups do not compare; hence, they should not be. For instance, someone’s need for belonging may not be a priority if they have good overall health and enough friends and family, but it could be of life and death importance to someone with a mental condition, putting them at risk of suicide if isolated.


Similarly, when looking for work, the standard needed to maintain basic physical and mental health will be incomparable to non-disabled people. There is no need to add shame or guilt for requiring certain types of work to cater to our basic needs. The fact that the pool of jobs that match personal health criteria may be considerably reduced is a representation of our community failing us and not of our incompetency in contributing to society or providing for ourselves. Keep the bar needed for your health high. 

When in doubt, alternate:  

If you have disabilities that are both physical and mental, and you are oscillating between the two strategies, you may be wondering if you should cater to your physical disabilities first and find a job for money or cater to your mental health first and find a job to be fulfilled. In that case, alternate between each strategy when applying. Apply to one for money, then one for fulfilment and keep switching between the two. It may not increase job offers, but it may well put your anxieties at ease and make you feel like you are trying everything. Remember that either one should reflect your standards of acceptable jobs, even if they are far and few between. Once you secure a job, you can work towards managing all your needs and adopting a new strategy.

Share your truth:

While you seek work, you may likely encounter recruitment barriers that will make you feel rejected, disappointed or outright frustrated because of their discriminatory nature. If you have the energy, share that experience with the recruiter. A quick email to HR to explain how it felt for you to apply and if you have suggestions of adjustments you recommend in the future can have an impact. Most likely, nothing will come of it. Perhaps you will make one person aware of an issue they ignored, and they’ll personally want to find a solution. It can feel like a waste of precious energy, screaming in the void but knowing you're advocating for your peers can also boost your sense of belonging and self-esteem. We might as well do the most of our situations. 

Conclusion

In summary, looking for work brings us in front of ourselves and our life philosophies. If we seek work for money, we prioritise physiological needs and adopt a philosophy of “I am what I am”. If we sacrifice personal values to reach our means, we risk moral exploitation and may find ourselves justifying more unethical practices as time passes or embodying the role of a lazy worker. In contrast, seeking work for collaborative purposes may stem from a mentality of “I am what I do” and a desire to satisfy the social needs of belonging. But if we showcase our passion, we may be in danger of being financially exploited and becoming ill through overworking or adopting an entitled outlook on work. However, one can avoid pitfalls by staying adaptable to one's circumstances and avoiding fixating on one attitude. The healthy individual will find balance, not between work and life, but between physiological and psychological needs and knowing when one must be prioritised. That said, people with long-term health conditions and disabilities face another level of difficulty: that of facing an unaware and unaccommodating society. Thus, disabled people are unfairly stuck between choosing a worsening of health by abandoning physiological needs or a worsening of health by sacrificing social needs. As a society, we are responsible for collectively seeking solutions to abolish the added disadvantage. Meanwhile, disabled people must not compare their jobs’ requirements with those of non-disabled people and raise their standards. They also, if energy permits, are encouraged to share, at any opportunity, the silent discrimination they face from recruiters and whoever is willing to hear in the hope that we will be heard and considered.


 

Biography:


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This is what I wrote as part of an exam for my Science degree in Psychology. Given the rise of far-right politics in the European Parliament, I thought it fitting to share it alongside some illustrations I made.


 

Recent politics are shifting towards authoritarian regimes rather than democratic ones 12, 18. Behind that shift could lie narcissism. Narcissism can be understood as a pathological personality disorder or as one component of the dark triad of personality traits 23. The latter is composed of two other traits, psychopathy and Machiavellianism. In both cases, narcissism is usually characterised as excessive entitlement, vanity, illusions of grandeur and lack of empathy. The difference is that the pathological disorder is a mental health diagnosis, whereas the dark trait represents a continuum where people will differ in the amount of the trait. The narcissistic trait is strongly associated with the pathological disorder 23. How does narcissism affect political behaviour? This essay will explore this question by presenting how narcissism relates to (1) political involvement, (2) online political trolling, (3) collective narcissism and (4) narcissistic political leaders.

A person with a reddish hallo on the left with ‘narcissistic personality disorder’ written underneath. Then a mathematical sign of a crossed equal sign. On the right a person with 3 coloured line representing scales of narcissism, psychopathy and machiavellism. Underneath the words ‘dark triad traits’.

The literature suggests that people high in narcissism are also more likely to get involved in politics. Researchers analysed data from more than 5,000 participants who responded to surveys in Denmark and the United States and filled out the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and questionnaires on their political involvement 8. The results showed a positive correlation between narcissism and political engagement. Those who scored higher on the inventory also participated more in writing to their local politicians, signing petitions, donating money to campaigns, attending demonstrations, and voting 8. However, a study criticised the validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, arguing that high scores predict psychopathy better 11. Hence, another study used a different measurement, the Short Dark Triad scale and still found similar results 3. They found that both psychopathy and narcissism correlated with political engagement. They also found that those higher in narcissism also showed the least knowledge of politics 3. As such, narcissistic people are most likely the least politically informed but the most politically involved. Therefore, regardless of the measurement type, narcissism is a trait that significantly influences political involvement.

Two papers representing the narcissist personality inventory and the short dark triad scale. Both have an arrow pointing to a group of people, surrounded with a hallo of reddish and greyed colours, branding protest signs saying ‘let’s vote’ and ‘narcs and sadists unite’.

Considering the increased political involvement on online platforms and the spread of political propaganda, what place does narcissism hold? First, online discussion groups for politics are the most trolled 1. Second, political trolls are sometimes sponsored by governments such as Russia to influence other governments’ elections, as seen in the Trump 2016 election 20. Interestingly, a study found that online anti-social behaviours such as trolling were more likely to be done by men who exhibited greater narcissism 10. However, the use of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory is to be questioned again. When using the Short Dark Triad scale, research showed that, indeed, the dark triad was related to greater trolling but that it was predicted by sadism, not narcissism 2. The research explored the topic further and showed that narcissists feel so superior that they only perceive highly popular individuals as viable competitors 17. In other words, narcissists feel too superior to bother trolling the public but do feel a need to bring famous people down. So far, the literature is missing regarding narcissism and the specific genre of political trolling. One could argue that a sense of superiority of one's political view could increase political trolling behaviours as a form of political involvement. Meanwhile, the evidence suggests that narcissism may not influence online political behaviours.

A person with devil’s horn and tail. On its left, three speech bubble showing a tweet, a facebook comment and an instagram comment under the names of PoliticalTroll666. On it’s left, two bars (one reddish, one greyish) representing a low scale for narcissism and high scale for sadism.

Nonetheless, sponsored political trolls and propaganda do exist and may contribute to the rise of collective narcissism and preferences for extreme politics (either left or right), as well as an endorsement of political conspiracy theories. Collective narcissism is similar to individual narcissism, but instead of a sense of grandeur for the self, the grandeur is attributed to the group 9, 16. The function of collective narcissism is a defence mechanism argued to be in response to a perceived loss of control 4. Investigative research was conducted on 1,730 surveyed participants 9. Participants were compared on their votes for Trump and their scores on the collective narcissism scale. Results show a strong and significant relationship between the two 9 Furthermore, collective narcissism appears linked to authoritarian political endorsement, perception of attacks on affiliated groups and even blind patriotism 7. Collective narcissism is also linked to conspiracy theory endorsement: a study covering 54 countries and more than 50,000 participants found that the higher the nationalistic narcissism, the more susceptible they were to believe and share conspiracy theories 19. Dangerously, collective narcissism also correlates with grave false theories about the Jewish community, which increases antisemite political adherence 14. Thus, collective narcissism appears to be a risk in the political endorsement of extreme politics.

In the middle, the mathematical sign of a barred equal. On the left, a person with a reddish hallo saying ‘I’m the best’. Underneath the words “individual narcissism’. On the right, a group of people with the same reddish hallo saying ‘we are the best’. Underneath the words ‘collective narcissism’.

The danger of extreme politics is the consequent election of leaders with narcissistic tendencies, which bring whole nations to their knees due to cruel outcomes. A vicious cycle can be created: traumas experienced by groups (e.g., ethnic and national identities) are passed on to new generations, which reinforces collective narcissist ideations and increases the election of narcissistic leaders to revenge the wounds felt by the group 22. In the literature, past leaders such as Hitler, Mao or Stalin are often associated with narcissistic personality disorders 5, 6, 15. Some researchers explain that leaders such as Hitler and Stalin committed the atrocities they did because their narcissism meant they devalued others and attacked them to keep their inflated sense of superiority and entitlement intact 13. A sense of grandeur can lead dictators to incompetence: erratic decisions, a paranoid need for protective defence and political and historical catastrophes such as deaths ensuing from unnecessary wars 13, 15. Some argue that narcissistic leaders also give rise to structures such as monuments, bunkers and walls, which are the external expression of the leader’s internal sense of grandiosity and their pathological need to protect their superior identity 21. Therefore, a narcissistic leader influences politics cruelly, decimating whole groups of people, destroying nations and exhibiting grandiosity externally through architectural structures.

A group of people with words underneath saying ‘population with generational trauma’. most of the group, on its left, is surrounded by a green hallo and the word ‘healing’. The righ side has a red hallo and the word ‘revenge’. The right side have people brandishing protest banners stating the name ‘LePen’ and another ‘Trump’.

In conclusion, narcissism influences politics, whether as a dark triad personality trait or as a personality disorder. High levels of narcissism are associated with greater political involvement despite less knowledge. The literature on narcissism and its influence on online trolling as a form of political involvement is still in its infancy. For now, it suggests that narcissism may not influence this domain. Collective narcissism, however, does influence political behaviours. In particular, it influences the endorsement of extreme political views and even conspiracy theories. Those who have a collective sense of grandeur due to transgenerational collective trauma are also more likely to elect leaders with narcissistic personalities causing a vicious cycle of political incompetence and national traumas. Research would benefit in offering solutions to limit the possible uprisal of narcissism both in individuals and collective experience or limit the ease of its consequences in the political sphere.


 

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